1. Draw a food chain with 3 consumers and 1 producer. Use arrows to show flow of energy. Label producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer and tertiary consumer.
2a. What is the function of a plant or algae or phytoplankton in a food web?
2b. What happens if you remove the autotrophs from the food chain?
2c. What gas do plants take in for photosynthesis?
2d. What gas do humans release from aerobic respiration (burning of glucose)?
The function is to produce food = photosynthesis. If you remove autotrophs from the food chain, the food chain falls apart. Plants take in carbon dioxide. Humans release carbon dioxide
3. Draw a food web with 8 organisms in it. Show arrows, label producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer.
4. Show the pathway of a carbon dioxide molecule. Start with a human. Draw and label the carbon cycle.
Carbon Dioxide leave the human which goes into a plant which lets out oxygen which is taken in by the human.
5. Are genetic mutations in the body cell passed to children? Are genetic mutations in the sex cells passed to children?
no yes
6. How would Darwin explain the giraffes long necks?
there are two types of giraffes one with long necks and one with short necks the ones with short necks couldn't get food so they died off and the ones with long necks stayed alive and continued to reproduce.
7. What does the fossil record show us?
Is the fossil record complete or incomplete?
It shows they go from simple to complex. There is always new fossils being found The fossil record is incomplete.
8. Think of the finches. Why would the finches have different beaks on different islands?
The birds were all on the same island and split up and then they were on different islands and had to adapt to the conditions of that island.
9. Define the following: homologous structures-having the same typical structure and position analogous structures-features of different species that are similar in function embryos-an organism in early stages of development (same are related) biochemistry-the chemistry of living matter=DNA
homologous structures-having the same typical structure and position analogous structures-features of different species that are similar in function embryos-an organism in early stages of development (same are related) biochemistry-the chemistry of living matter=DNA
10. If 2 organisms have homologous structures, similar embryos and similar biochemistry, what does this tell us?
By having similar structures, they are not only similar, but they are also closely related.
11. Some insects are pesticide resistant. Some bacteria are antibiotic resistant. How does this happen?
This happens because eventually the insects can become immune to the pesticide.
12. Define the following: asexual self-pollination cross pollination self fertilization
Which of the above would show the most variation?
Asexual- Having no sex or sex organs.
Self Pollination- The transfer of pollen to another stigma of the same flower
Cross Pollination- 2 flowers, trade pollen
Self Fertilization- The opposite of Cross Fert. in Botany and Zoology.
The most variation would be in sexual repro. or cross pollination
13. Define: Evolution Ecology
Evolution the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
Ecology the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.
14. List points of Darwin’s Natural Selection (5 or so)
Too many organisms are produced
Organisms vary
Organisms struggle to survive
The fittest for the environment
The fittest get reproduces and pass on their genetics
15. Explain Lamarck’s ideas:
a. Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
b. Use and Disuse
c. Need
A.physical chacteristics acquired over a life time are passed on
B.disuse=weaker/use=stronger
C.need=bigger and stronger
16. Describe Survival of Fittest
Only the best adapted to existing conditions are able to survive and reproduce.
17. Describe Natural Selection
The organisms best adapted to the environment survive and pass on their genetic characteristics.
Intentional breeding for certain traits. Ex. Horse breeders do Artificial selection. They take two fast horses and breed them.
19. What evidence do we have to support evolution?
fossils, biochemistry, homologous organs, embryos, etc.
20. Draw a graph showing the predator and prey relationship of the wolves and deer.
21. In #20, what happens if:
a. wolves increase
b. deer increase
c. wolves go down
d. deer go down?
a. deer population goes down b. wolf population goes up c. deer population goes up d. wolf population goes down
22. What is the carrying capacity?
Draw and label a graph showing carrying capacity.
Carrying Capacity- as many things as an environment can handle.
Picture is on the board.
23. What happens if you go above the carrying capacity?
Population dies from lack of food or water/ resources are scarce.
24. What happens if you are under the carrying capacity?
As long as resources are available, the population would keep growing.
25. How can a population manage to stay at the carrying capacity?
Control birth and death rates. This will make the growth rate stay at zero. (Consistent)
26. Who is always at the bottom of a food web?
Producers
27. What does
a. primary consumer eat
b. secondary consumer eat
c. tertiary consumer eat
d. how does the producer get food?
a. primary consumers eat plants.
b. secondary consumers eat rats, larva, & fish.
c. Tertiary consumers eat snaked, fish, & seals.
d. producers produce food
28. Which way do the arrows go?
The arrow points towards the flow of energy!!!
29. Draw a food pyramid. Label each trophic level.
NAME ___
2b. What happens if you remove the autotrophs from the food chain?
2c. What gas do plants take in for photosynthesis?
2d. What gas do humans release from aerobic respiration (burning of glucose)?
If you remove autotrophs from the food chain, the food chain falls apart.
Plants take in carbon dioxide.
Humans release carbon dioxide
yes
Is the fossil record complete or incomplete?
The fossil record is incomplete.
homologous structures-having the same typical structure and position
analogous structures-features of different species that are similar in function
embryos-an organism in early stages of development (same are related)
biochemistry-the chemistry of living matter=DNA
analogous structures-features of different species that are similar in function
embryos-an organism in early stages of development (same are related)
biochemistry-the chemistry of living matter=DNA
asexual
self-pollination
cross pollination
self fertilization
Which of the above would show the most variation?
Self Pollination- The transfer of pollen to another stigma of the same flower
Cross Pollination- 2 flowers, trade pollen
Self Fertilization- The opposite of Cross Fert. in Botany and Zoology.
The most variation would be in sexual repro. or cross pollination
Evolution
Ecology
Ecology the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.
a. Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
b. Use and Disuse
c. Need
B.disuse=weaker/use=stronger
C.need=bigger and stronger
Ex. Horse breeders do Artificial selection. They take two fast horses and breed them.
a. wolves increase
b. deer increase
c. wolves go down
d. deer go down?
b. wolf population goes up
c. deer population goes up
d. wolf population goes down
Draw and label a graph showing carrying capacity.
Picture is on the board.
a. primary consumer eat
b. secondary consumer eat
c. tertiary consumer eat
d. how does the producer get food?
b. secondary consumers eat rats, larva, & fish.
c. Tertiary consumers eat snaked, fish, & seals.
d. producers produce food
PRIMARY CONSUMER
SECONDARY CONSUMER
TERTIARY CONSUMER
b. name biotic factors:
B: living; producers, consumers, decomposers
a. define mutualism
b. define commensalisms
c. define parasitism
A: relationship in which they both benefit. + +
B: living in, on, or with another without injury. + 0
C: one lives as a parasite on another. + -
b. Diagram and describe convergent evolution